1. The description of the online dispute resolution processes is beyond the scope of this
article, and has been addressed by the author elsewhere. See Alan Wiener,
Opportunities and Initiatives in Online Dispute Resolution, in Society of Professionals in
Dispute Resolution, SPIDR News, Volume 24, No. 3, Summer 2000,
http://mediate.com/articles/awiener1.cfm (visited February 15, 2001).
2. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Business-to-Consumer
Electronic Commerce Survey of Status and Issues, OECD/GD(97)219,
http://www.oecd.org/dsti/sti/it/ec/prod/gd97219e.pdf (visited February 3, 2001).
3. Joint E.U.-U.S. Statement on electronic commerce, 5 December 1997,
http://www.qlinks.net/comdocs/eu-us.htm (visited February 3, 2001).
4. Recommendations of the OECD Council Concerning Guidelines for Consumer
Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce,
http://www.oecd.org//dsti/sti/it/consumer/prod/CPGuidelines_final.pdf
5. OECD Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ),
http://www.oecd.org//dsti/sti/it/consumer/prod/Guidelines_FAQ.pdf
6. Recommendations of the OECD Council Concerning Guidelines for Consumer
Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce, Article VI.B.,
http://www.oecd.org//dsti/sti/it/consumer/prod/CPGuidelines_final.pdf
7. Kyushu-Okinawa Summit Meeting 2000,Okinawa Charter on Global Information
Society, http://www.g8kyushu-okinawa.go.jp/e/documents/it1.html (visited February 3,
2001), http://www.usembassy.state.gov/posts/pk1/wwwhpr56.html (visited February 3,
2001).
8. Joint Conference of the OECD, HCOPIL and ICC, Building Trust in the Online
Environment: Business to Consumer Dispute Resolution, December 11-12, 2000,
http://www.oecd.org/dsti/sti/it/secur/act/online_trust/online_trust_workshop.htm (visited
February 3, 2001); Orientation Document, updated as of December 7, 2000
http://www.oecd.org/dsti/sti/it/secur/act/online_trust/orientation_document.pdf (visited
February 3, 2001).
9. Statement of the European Union and the United States on Building Consumer
Confidence in e-Commerce and the Role of Alternative Dispute Resolution, EU – US
Summit, Washington, 18 December 2000, Juliana Gruenwald, Promoting Online Referee, Interactive Week, December 28, 2000,
10. The European Commission, Commission Recommendation on the principles
applicable to the bodies responsible for out-of-court settlement of consumer disputes
(98/257/CE),
11. Guiding Principles for Generic Codes of Practice for the Sale of Goods and
Services to Consumers on the Internet, page 3, footnote 1,
http://econfidence.jrc.it/default/entity.gx?_
entity.object=EC_FORUM0000000000000088&_entity.name=Principles-Draft1.pdf
12. Eur-Lex, Legislation Under Preparation, Document 599PC0427, Amended proposal
for a European Parliament and Council Directive on certain legal aspects of electronic
commerce in the Internal Market, Article 17, ¶ 1, http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/
com/dat/1999/en_599PC0427.html (visited February 3, 2001).
13. e-Confidence Group, Draft Principles for E-Commerce Codes of Conduct,
http://econfidence.jrc.it/default/show.gx?Object.object_id=EC_FORUM0000000000000088 (visited February 3, 2001).
14. e-Confidence Group, Guiding Principles for Generic Codes of Practice for the Sale
of Goods and Services to Consumers on the Internet; E-Commerce Codes of Conduct –
Specific Requirements Additional to Community Law and the General Guiding
Principles; and Guiding Principles for National Accreditation Bodies for E-Commerce
Codes of Conduct,
http://econfidence.jrc.it/default/page.gx?_app.page=entity.html&_app.action=en
tity&_entity.object=EC_FORUM0000000000000088&_entity.name=Principles-Draft1.pdf
(visited February 3, 2001). For discussion of these guidelines, see Trustmark Standards
and Certification, European Commission E-Confidence Group, infra, page 23.
15. Department of Commerce and Federal Trade Commission, Public Workshop:
Alternative Dispute Resolution for Consumer Transactions in the Borderless Online
Marketplace, Initial Notice Requesting Public Comment and Announcing Public
Workshop, Federal Register, Vol., 65, No. 32, February 16, 2000, page 7831, and at
http://www.ftc.gov/os/2000/02/altdisputeresolutionfrn.htm (visited February 3, 2001).
16. Id., page 7832.
17. Federal Trade Commission and Department of Commerce, Summary of Public
Workshop, June 6-7, 2000, Overview, November 2000,
http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/altdisresolution/summary.htm (visited February 3, 2001).
18. Id.
19. Id.
20. Federal Trade Commission, Notice Announcing Public Roundtable on Dispute Resolution
for Online Business-to-consumer Contracts, http://www.ftc.gov/os/2001/01/cbadrfrn.htm
(visited February 3, 2001).
21. Staff Reporters, FTC Seeks Input on Hague Convention Impact on E-Commerce
ADR, ADRWorld.com, January 25, 2001.
22. Justin Kelly, Groups Urge Government Oversight of ADR Programs,
ADRWorld.com, February 8, 2001.
23. Industry Canada, Working Group on Electronic Commerce and Consumers,
http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/SSG/ca01182e.html (visited February 3, 2001).
24. Working Group on Electronic Commerce and Consumers, Principles of Consumer
Protection for Electronic Commerce – A Canadian Framework, page 8,
http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/pics/ca/principlese.pdf (visited February 3, 2001).
25. Commonwealth of Australia, Building Consumer Sovereignty in the Electronic
Commerce: A Best Practice Model for Business, page 13, paragraph 48,
http://www.ecommerce.treasury.gov.au/publications/BuildingConsumerSovereigntyInElectronicCommerce-ABestPracticeModelForBusiness/ecommerce.pdf (visited February 3,
2001).
26. Ministry of Consumer Affairs, New Zealand Model Code for Consumer Protection in
Electronic Commerce, October 2000,
http://www.consumer-ministry.govt.nz/papers/model_code.doc (visited February 3,
2001).
27. Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Electronic Commerce And The New Zealand
Consumer a Status Report and a Proposed New Zealand Model Code For Consumer
Protection in Electronic Commerce, March 2000, page 9 http://www.consumer-ministry.
govt.nz/papers/Ecommerce_statusreport.doc (visited February 3, 2001).
28. Building Trust in the Online Environment: Business to Consumer Dispute
Resolution, Joint Conference of the OECD, HCOPIL, ICC, December 11-12,
2000,Orientation Document, page 12,
http://www.oecd.org/dsti/sti/it/secur/act/online_trust/orientation_document.pdf (visited
February 12, 2001).
29. BIAC, About BIAC, http://www.biac.org/framebia.htm (visited February 4, 2001).
30. GBDe 2000 Media Center, Press Release, December 13, 2000,
http://gbde.org/media/releases/121300a.html (visited February 4, 2001).
31. Global Information Infrastructure Commission, AGB Alliance for Global Business,
http://www.giic.org/agb/ (visited February 4, 2001).
32. Alliance for Global Business, et al, A Global Action Plan for Electronic Commerce
Prepared by Business with Recommendations for Governments, pages 7-8,
http://www.giic.org/focus/ecommerce/agbecplan.pdf (visited February 4, 2001), and at
http://www.iccwbo.org/home/electronic_commerce/word_documents/SJAPFIN.doc
(visited February 4, 2001).
33. Id., page 22.
34. Id., page 33.
35. Id., page 39.
36. GBDe 2000 Media Center, Press Release, December 13, 2000,
http://gbde.org/media/releases/121300a.html
37. Global Business Dialogue on Electronic Commerce, Alternative Dispute Resolution,
September 26, 2000, http://gbde.org/library/adr.doc
38. Global Business Dialogue on Electronic Commerce, Alternative Dispute Resolution,
September 26, 2000, http://gbde.org/library/adr.doc (visited February 4, 2001).
39. GBDe 2000 Media Center, Press Release, December 13, 2000,
http://gbde.org/media/releases/121300a.html (visited February 4, 2001).
40. Electronic Commerce and Consumer Protection Group,
http://www.ecommercegroup.org/index.htm (visited February 4, 2001); see also Tony
Kreindler, Major Tech Companies Propose ADR for Online Transactions,
ADRWorld.com, June 6, 2000.
41. Electronic Commerce and Consumer Protection Group, Guidelines for Merchant-to-Merchant Consumer Transactions and Commentary,
http://www.ecommercegroup.org/guidelines.htm (visited February 4, 2001).
42. BBBOnline, About the Code of Online Business Practices,
http://www.bbbonline.org/code/index.asp (visited February 4, 2001).
43. BBBOnline, Code of Online Business Practices,
http://www.bbbonline.org/code/code.asp (visited February 4, 2001).
44. BBBOnline, Code of Online Business Practices, Principle IV, ¶C.3,
http://www.bbbonline.org/code/principle4.asp (visited February 4, 2001). The
explanatory comment indicates that informal settlement devices such as conciliation and
mediation are encouraged, in addition to arbitration.
45. EuroCommerce, The Role of EuroCommerce in Brussels, Introduction,
http://www.eurocommerce.be/main.html (visited February 4, 2001).
46. EuroCommerce, European Code of Conduct for On-Line Commercial Relations,
Article 11: Handling of complaints and out-of-court settlement of litigation, April 2000,
http://www.eurocommerce.be/publications/position_papers/CODEenglFINAL02-2000SHORT-mono.doc (visited February 4, 2001).
47. Federation of European Direct Marketing, About FEDMA,
http://www.fedma.org/code/page.cfm?id_page=1, (visited February 4, 2001).
48. Federation of European Direct Marketing, FEDMA Code on E-Commerce &
Interactive Marketing, Explanatory Memorandum, page 1, http://www.fedma.org/img/db/
Code_of_conduct_for_e-commerce.pdf (visited February 4, 2001).
49. FEDMA Code on E-Commerce & Interactive Marketing, Article 7, Consumer
Redress, pages 12-13
http://www.fedma.org/img/db/Code_of_conduct_for_e-commerce.pdf (visited February
4, 2001).
50. Electronic Commerce Promotion Council of Japan, Founding Prospectus,
http://www.ecom.or.jp/ecom_e/about/prospectus_e.html (visited February 4, 2001).
51. Electronic Commerce Promotion Council of Japan, Consumer Protection Sub-Working Group, http://www.ecom.or.jp/ecom_e/wg/consumer/12plan.html (visited
February 4, 2001).
52. The European Consumers Organisation, http://www.beuc.org/index_e.htm (viewed
February 5, 2001).
53. BEUC, Consumer rights must be guaranteed in the new economy,
http://www.beuc.org/infosociety.htm (visited February 5, 2001).
54. TranAtlantic Consumer Dialogue, untitled, http://www.tacd.org/index.html (visited
February 4, 2001).
55. TranAtlantic Consumer Dialogue, Annual Report 1999, page 1,
http://www.tacd.org/areport2000.rtf (visited February 4, 2001).
56. TransAtlantic Consumer Dialogue, Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce,
(Doc Ecom-3-99), March 1999, http://www.tacd.org/ecommercef.html#consumer (visited
February 4, 2001).
57. TransAtlantic Consumer Dialogue, Electronic Commerce Working Group1999
Recommendations and Response, Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce,
http://www.tacd.org/areport2000.rtf (visited February 4, 2001).
58. TransAtlantic Consumer Dialogue, Core Consumer Protection Principles in
Electronic Commerce (Doc No. Ecom-10-99), September 1999,
http://www.tacd.org/papers/ecommerce/Ecom-10-99.rtf (visited February 4, 2001).
59. TransAtlantic Consumer Dialogue, Alternative Dispute Resolution in the Context of
Electronic Commerce (Doc No. Ecom-12-00), February 2000,
http://www.tacd.org/papers/ecommerce/Ecom-12-00.rtf (visited February 4, 2001).
60. Consumers International, History and Purpose,
http://www.consumersinternational.org/about/history.html (visited January 27, 2001).
61. Consumers International, Consumers Call For Legislated Protections In Global
Electronic Commerce, Press Release Archive 7 October 1998, http://www.consumers
international.org/news/press_archive/electronic071098.html (visited February 4, 2001).
62. Consumers International, Disputes in Cyberspace, http://www.consumers
international.org/campaigns/electronic/adr_web.pdf (partial report, reviewed January 27,
2001), Consumers International, Consumer Redress In E-Commerce In Need Of
Attention, Press Release – 11 December 2000, http://www.consumersinternational.org
/news/pressreleases/ecommerce111200.html (visited February 4, 2001).
63. If a product bearing the Seal proves to be defective within two years of purchase,
Good Housekeeping will replace the product or refund the purchase price. Advertisers
whose products are found acceptable may use the seal in their ads, on their packaging,
and in other promotions at no additional fee. http://goodhousekeeping.women.com/gh/
misc/institute/ghinstr2.htm (visited February 6, 2001).
64. The Australian government hosted a round table concerning the use of trustmarks
to improve the level of trust in e-commerce in May 1999, and has prepared a tabular
comparison of 23 Website Seals of Approval. National Office for Information and
Economy, Website Seals of Approval: A Comparative Examination,
http://www.noie.gov.au/projects/consumer/roundtable/webseals_comparative_table.htm
(visited February 4, 2001).
65. BBBOnline, Welcome to BBBOnline, http://www.bbbonline.org (visited February 4,
2001).
66. BBBOnline, Reliability Program Requirements,
http://www.bbbonline.org/reliability/requirement.asp (visited February 4, 2001).
67. BBBOnline, Reliability Program Requirements, http://www.bbbonline.org/reliability
/requirement.asp; (visited February 4, 2001); Apply for the BBBOnline Reliability Seal,
http://www.bbbonline.org/reliability/apply.asp (visited February 4, 2001).
68. BBBOnline, Dispute Resolution, http://www.bbbonline.org/reliability/dr.asp (visited
February 4, 2001).
69. BetterWeb, Becoming a BetterWeb Site, The Application Form, http://www.pwc
betterweb.com/betterweb/SealApp/app_form.cfm (visited February 4, 2001).
70. BetterWeb, Becoming a BetterWeb Site, The Application Process,
http://www.pwcbetterweb.com/betterweb/sealapp/index.cfm (visited February 4, 2001).
71. BetterWeb, Directory of BetterWeb Sites,
http://www.pwcbetterweb.com/betterweb/BWSitesDir/index.cfm (February 4, 2001).
72. BetterWeb, BetterWeb Global Principles and US Standards,
http://www.pwcbetterweb .com/betterweb/AboutSeal/seal_std.cfm#global (visited
February 4, 2001).
73. Clicksure, Limited 2000, We are Clicksure,
http://www.clicksure.com/wacs_index.htm (visited January 28, 2001).
74. Clicksure, Limited 2000, New Standard Aims to Improve E-Quality, Quality Digest,
October 2000, http://www.qualitydigest.com/Oct00/html/news.html (visited January 28,
2001).
75. Clicksure, Limited 2000, The Confidence Standard for Electronic Business, (Version
3.5 – December 2000). A previous version of the Principles and an e-mail link to request
the complete Confidence Standard can be viewed at
http://www.clicksure.com/hdiw-standard_index.htm (visited February 2, 2001).
76. Id., Clicksure, Limited 2000, The Confidence Standard for Electronic Business,
(Version 3.5 – December 2000), pages 9-10.
77. Clicksure, Limited 2000, Accreditation,
http://www.clicksure.com/wacs-accreditation_index.htm (visited January 28, 2001).
78. This initial assessment includes evaluating information entered into the Investigator;
checking credit worthiness; evaluating the web site against the relevant parts of the
Standard; and conducting telephone interviews with a selection of the applicant’s staff,
suppliers and sub-contractors. Clicksure may also inspect relevant documents, carry
out mystery shopping, visit the applicant’s premises and conduct any other tests and
investigations it considers appropriate.
79. Clicksure, Limited 2000, Our Services,
http://www.clicksure.com/wacs-code_index.htm (visited January 28, 2001).
80. Federation of European Direct Marketing, FEDMA Code on E-Commerce &
Interactive Marketing, page 14, ¶ 8.1 http://www.fedma.org/img/db/Code_of_conduct
_for_e-commerce.pdf (visited February 4, 2001).
81. Federation of European Direct Marketing, FEDMA Code on E-Commerce &
Interactive Marketing, Article 7, Consumer Redress,
http://www.fedma.org/img/db/Code_of_condu ct_for_e-commerce.pdf (visited February
4, 2001).
82. Secure Assure, The Secure Assure Principles,
http://www.secureassure.org/secureassure/secure.nsf/SecurePrinciples?OpenForm
(visited February 4, 2001), How Secure Assure Helps Shoppers
http://www.secureassure.org/secureassure/secure.nsf /sHowHelp?OpenForm (visited
February 4, 2001), How Secure Assure Helps Merchants,
http://www.secureassure.org/secureassure/secure.nsf/mHowHelp?OpenForm (visited
February 4, 2001).
83. Secure Assure, Merchants’ Frequently Asked Questions, http://www.secure
assure.org/secureassure/secure.nsf/mFAQ?OpenForm (visited January 28, 2001).
84. Square Trade, The Square Trade Seal Program,
http://www.squaretrade.com/learnmore/seal_092100.jsp (visited February 4, 2001).
85. Square Trade, Fraud Protection Guarantee,
http://www.squaretrade.com/learnmore/fpg_092000.jsp (visited February 4, 2001).
86. Square Trade, Square Trade Standards,
http://www.squaretrade.com/learnmore/standards_092000.jsp (visited February 4,
2001).
87. Square Trade, The Square Trade Seal Program,
http://www.squaretrade.com/learnmore/seal_092100_answers.jsp?Standards (visited
February 4, 2001).
88. Square Trade, Confidentiality, paragraphs 3 – 4, http://www.squaretrade.com
/organization/usr_confidentiality_agremnt_091300.jsp (visited February 4, 2001).
89. Square Trade, Square Trade Seal Program, Non-Paying Buyer List,
http://www.square trade.com/learnmore/seal_092100_answers.jsp?Standards (visited
February 4, 2001).
90. TRUSTe, The TRUSTe Story, http://www.truste.org/about/about_truste.html (visited
February 4, 2001).
91. Michelle V. Rafter, Trust or Bust, The Standard, March 6, 2000,
http://www.thestandard.com/article/display/0,1151,12445,00.html (visited January 28,
2001).
92. TRUSTe, How the TRUSTe Program Works,
http://www.truste.org/webpublishers/pub_how.html (visited February 4, 2001).
93. TRUSTe, Resolution Process,
http://www.truste.org/webpublishers/pub_recourse.html (visited February 4, 2001).
94. Michelle V. Rafter, Trust or Bust, The Standard, March 6, 2000,
http://www.thestandard.com/article/display/0,1151,12445,00.html (visited January 28,
2001).
95. Trusted Shops, Welcome to Trusted Shops
http://www.trustedshops.de/en/index.html (visited February 4, 2001).
96. Trusted Shops, Seal and Guarantee,
http://www.trustedshops.de/en/quality_seal/index.html (visited February 4, 2001).
97. Trusted Shops, How it Works,
http://www.trustedshops.de/en/quality_seal/quality_seal_92.html (visited February 4,
2001).
98. Trusted Shops, Demands for Consumer Protection,
http://www.trustedshops.de/en/quality_seal/quality_seal_94.html (visited February 4,
2001).
99. Welcome to Trusted Shops, http://www.trustedshops.de/en/index.html (visited
February 4, 2001).
100. AICPA/CICA, WebTrust Program for Online Privacy, Version 3.0,
http://www.aicpa.org/webtrust/execsumm3.htm (visited February 6, 2001).
101. WebTrust Independent Verification, http://www.cpawebtrust.org/consumer.htm
(visited February 4, 2001).
102. WebTrust, Sites with WebTrust Seals, http://www.cpawebtrust.org/abtseals.htm
(visited February 4, 2001).
103. WebTrust Business Practices/Transactional Integrity Principle and Criteria,
Version 3.0, http://www.aicpa.org/webtrust/transbiz.htm (visited February 6, 2001).
104. WebTrust Business Practices/Transactional Integrity Principle and Criteria,
January 1, 2001, Version 3.0
http://ftp.webtrust.org/webtrust_public/buspractrans_fin.doc (visited February 6, 2001).
105. Id., Criteria A.5, page 13.
106. AICPA/CICA, WebTrust Business Practices/Transactional Integrity Principle and
Criteria, Version 3.0, http://www.aicpa.org/webtrust/transbiz.htm (visited February 6,
2001) and Appendix C – Consumer Arbitration in WebTrust Program for On-line Privacy,
http://ftp.webtrust.org/webtrust_public/privacy_fin.doc (visited February 6, 2001).
107. Which? Online, Aims and Purposes, http://www.which.net/help/aboutca/aims.html
(visited February 4, 2001).
108. Which? Online, Which? Web Trader – Code of Practice (updated December 19,
2000), http://www.which.net/webtrader/code_of_practice.html (visited February 4, 2001).
109. Which? Online, Which? Web Trader – Code of Practice (updated December 19,
2000), http://www.which.net/webtrader/code_of_practice.html (visited February 4, 2001).
110. Which? Online, Which? Web Trader, Guide to Applying for Which? Web Trader
Status, http://www.which.net/webtrader/application_guide.html (visited February 4,
2001).
111. Electronic Commerce Platform Netherlands, Introduction,
http://ecp.nl/english/summary.htm (visited February 4, 2001).
112. Electronic Commerce Platform Netherlands, Model Code of Conduct for Electronic
Commerce, Version 3.0 (November 1999), Foreword, page 2,
http://www.ecp.nl/english/Model3.0ENG.pdf (visited February 4, 2001).
113. Id., Framework, page 4.
114. Id., Transparency, page 11.
115. Id., Foreword, page 2.
116. TrustUK, Information on TrustUK, http://www.trustuk.org.uk/default.asp?option=1
(visited February 4, 2001).
117. Id.
118. TrustUK, Core Principles for Online Codes of Practice and Core Principles for
Redress Mechanisms, Monitoring and Enforcement,
http://www.trustuk.org.uk/download/ApprovalsCriteria.pdf (visited February 4, 2001).
119. TrustUK, Guide to Web Traders, http://www.trustuk.org.uk/default.asp?option=5
visited (February 3, 2001).
120. European Commission, e-Confidence Group, Draft Principles for E-Commerce
Codes of Conduct,
http://econfidence.jrc.it/default/show.gx?Object.object_id=EC_FORUM00000
00000000088 (visited February 3, 2001).
121. Id.
122. European Commission, e-Confidence Group, Guiding Principles for Generic Codes
of Practice for the Sale of Goods and Services to Consumers on the Internet, E-Commerce Codes of Conduct – Specific Requirements Additional to Community Law and
the General Guiding Principles and Guiding Principles for National Accreditation Bodies
for E-Commerce Codes of Conduct, http://econfidence.jrc.it/default/page.gx?_app.page
=entity.html&_app.action=entity&_entity.object=EC_FORUM0000000000000088&_entity.name=Principles-Draft1.pdf (visited February 3, 2001).
123. Id., Guiding Principles for Generic Codes of Practice for the Sale of Goods and
Services to Consumers on the Internet, page 3, Section 8, Complaint Handling and
Dispute Resolution.
124. Id., E-Commerce Codes of Conduct – Specific Requirements Additional to
Community Law and the General Guiding Principles, page 8, Section 5, Complaint
Handling and Dispute Resolution.
125. Id., Guiding Principles for National Accreditation Bodies for E-Commerce Codes of
Conduct, page 11, Section 3, Monitoring/Complaints.
126. European Commission, e-Confidence Forum, Consumers’ Associations’
comments,
http://econfidence.jrc.it/default/page.gx?_app.page=entity.html&_app.action=entity&_entity.object=EC_FORUM0000000000000B93&_entity.name=comments.txt (visited
February 4, 2001).
127. Justin Kelly, American Arbitration Association to Offer Online Dispute Resolution,
ADRWorld.com, May 26, 2000,
http://www.adrworld.com/opendocument.asp?Doc=9z31FqA1zz, visited January 8,
2001.
128. Justin Kelly, AAA to Draft Due Process Protocols for Online Dispute Resolution,
ADRWorld.com, June 7, 2000,
http://www.adrworld.com/opendocument.asp?Doc=k9uIOEtFcB (visited January 8,
2001).
129. Press Release, American Arbitration Association Announces New eCommerce
Protocol, http://www.adr.org/about/whatsnew/20000103aa.html (visited January 8,
2001).
130. American Arbitration Association, eCommerce Dispute Management Protocol
Principles for Managing Business-to-Business Relationships,
http://www.adr.org/rules/guides/ecomm_protocol.html, (visited January 8, 2000)
131. Justin Kelly, American Bar Association Section to Develop Online ADR Standards,
ADRWorld, June 15, 2000.
132. Justin Kelly, American Bar Association Section to Develop Online ADR Standards,
ADRWorld, October 9, 2000.
133. Justin Kelly, ABA E-Commerce Task Force Urged to Seek Broad Consensus,
ADRWorld.com, January 30, 2001.
134. ABA E-Commerce and ADR Task Force,
http://www.law.washington.edu/ABA-eADR/documentation/2001.01.30doc.html (visited
February 2, 2001).
135. Id.
136. ABA E-Commerce and ADR Task Force,
http://www.law.washington.edu/ABA-eADR/ meetings/2001.02.17meeting.html (visited
February 2, 2001).
137. Jim Melamed, Online Dispute Resolution Takes Off, June 11, 2000 (on file with
author).
138. Justin Kelly, Online Dispute Resolution Companies Plan New Lobbying Effort,
ADRWorld, September 14, 2000, and Group to Seek Tax Incentive, Compliance Fund
for Online ADR, ADRWorld.com, November 1, 2000.
139. SPIDR Online Sector WebBoard, http://webboard.mediate.com/~spidronline
(visited February 3, 2001).
140. Nora Femenia, Ph.D, Proposed Guidelines for Online Dispute Resolution,
http://webboard.mediate.com/upload/ODR%20guidelines%20and%20survey10-31-00draFT.htm (visited February 4, 2001).
141. CPR Institute for Dispute Resolution Announces Business-to-Business E-Commerce Initiative, CPR Press Release September 25, 2000, http://www.cpradr.org
(visited February 2, 2001); see also CPR Business-to-Business E-Commerce Initiative,
http://www.cpradr.org/ecommerce.htm (visited February 2, 2001).
142. Justin Kelly, ABA E-Commerce Task Force Urged to Seek Broad Consensus,
ADRWorld, January 30, 2001.
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