Why Isn’t ADR More Popular? A Report From Harvard
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From the Disputing Blog of Karl Bayer, Victoria VanBuren, and Holly Hayes. July 2010 |
The article below was published this week on the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School website. It sheds light on a topic that I am asked about often — Why isn’t mediation more popular? In light of the potential for increased conflict with the implementation of health care reform, this question, and the answers below, appears to be even more
pertinent.
Many scholars have noted that the business community would greatly benefit from third-party dispute resolution services. The problem is, there isn’t much demand for mediation or arbitration. If the alternative dispute resolution field has in fact built a better mousetrap, why isn’t the market buying it?
J. Maurits Barendrecht and Berend de Vries of the Faculty of Law at Tilburg University (Tilburg, the Netherlands) explain this inconsistency in terms of imperfections in decision making that keep disputants from rationally dealing with their conflict. The authors note that disputants use arbitration and mediation less frequently than their preferences on surveys would predict and than rational parties would. Barendrecht and De Vries also argue that the default option for dispute resolution is “sticky.” In other words, whatever method is promoted in the parties’ contract, whether implicitly or explicitly, will attract the majority of disputes.
The authors attribute this “stickiness” in part to the goodwill that typically exists between parties that have reached agreement. When they draw up their contract, friendly parties fail to seriously consider the possibility of a dispute arising. Without such consideration, the courts end up as the default mechanism for disputes. Even if one side proposes an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, the other side is likely to devalue the offer. In addition, parties are likely to prefer a known, inefficient system—the courts—over a less known, more efficient system such as mediation or arbitration.
What can be done? First, management should replace lawsuits as the default option for a dispute with mediation, followed by arbitration. In addition, anyone who signs a contract should be aware of the natural tendency to underestimate the likelihood of a dispute. When this occurs, the logic of efficient dispute resolution is likely to prevail.
We welcome your thoughts on why mediation isn’t a more common solution to conflict
resolution.
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